The Nouns

We can normally see in a language two main parts named Nouns and Verbs. Noun is a name of a thing, a person or a place. When we study nouns we have to study their grammatical Genders, Numbers, Persons and Cases too. Those are-

Genders (3)- Liṅga

i. Pulliṅga                   - Masculine Gender    (males)                        eg- Nara-        man

ii. Itthiliṅga                 - Feminine Gender      (Females)                    eg- Latā-         vine

iii. Napuṃsakaliṅga   - Neuter Gender          (Inanimate things)      eg- Pupphaṃ- flower

Notice here that these genders are grammatical. So, all inanimate things are not neuter. For example TREE is Masculine, WISDOM is feminine. Just as, we should know this method according to the usage in Pali. 

Numbers (2)- Vacana

Pronouns- Sabbanāma
Purisa	Ekavacana	Bahuvacana
Paṭhamapurisa	So- he (all)	Te- they (all)
Majjhimapurisa	Tvaṃ- you	Tumhe- you
Uttamapurisa	Ahaṃ-  i	Mayaṃ- we

i. Ekavacana        - Singular     

eg- Nara- man

ii. Bahuvacana    - Plural         

eg- Narā- men

Persons 3- Purisa

i. Paṭhamapurisa        - 3^rd person

ii. Majjhimapurisa      - 2^nd person

i. Uttamapurisa          - 1^st person

Cases 9 - Vibhatti

	Vibhatti	Ekavacana	Bahuvacana	Meaning
1	Paṭhamā- Nominative	man	men	Subject
2	Ālapana- Vocative	O man	O men	To address
3	Ḍutiyā- Accusative	man	men	object
4	Tatiyā- Ablative of agent	By,with, through		Deputy subject
5	Karaṇa- Ablative of Instrument	,,		To support
6	Catutthī- Dative	To, for		To give
7	Pañcamī- Ablative of Separation	from		To depart, scare
8	Chaṭṭhī- Genitive	of		To possess
9	Sattamī- Locative	On,in		Place in, on, time

Numerals

Eka-            1                 Dvi-            2

Ti-               3                 Catu-          4

Pañca-         5                 Cha-            6

Satta-          7                 Aṭṭha-         8

Nava-          9                 Dasa-          10

Birth Formations of the letters

We can category the Pali Alphabet according to the birth formations of the letters. Accordingly, we learnt two parts named Ekaja (one formation) Dvija (two formations) letters before. 

01. There are 38 Ekaja letters (one formation). We can category those as follows according to the Pali Grammar.

i. A ka vagga hā KaÏÍhajā       - Gutturals (throat)

ii. I ca vagga yā Tālujā           - Palatals (palate)

iii. Ṭa vagga ra ḷā Muddhajā       - Linguals (tongue)

iv. Ta vagga la sā Dantajā         - Dentals (teeth)

v. U Pa vaggā OÍÍhajā           - Labials (lips)

02. There are only 3 Dvija letters (two formations)

vi. E Kaṇṭha Tālujo                             - Guttural and Palatal

vii. O Kaṇṭha Oṭṭhajo          - Guttural and Labial

viii. Vo Danta Oṭṭhajo       - Dental and Labial

Study the above note clearly and memorize the Pali Names of the formations.

Now fill in the blanks with relevant letters according to the note given above.

i. Kaṇṭhajā        - (Gutturals)       A    Ā    KA    KHA     GA    GHA    ÕA      HA

ii. Tālujā          - (Palatals)          I      Ó    CA    CHA      JA     JHA      ÑA      YA

iii. Muddhajā       - (Lingual)       ×A ×HA ØA ØHA ÙA RA  ÚA            

iv. Dantajā        - (Dentals)           TA  THA  DA  DHA  NA   LA  SA

v. Oṭṭhajā         - (Labials)   U  Ū  PA  PHA  BA  BHA  MA

vi. Kaṇṭha Tālujo                    - (Guttural and Palatal)          E

vii. Kaṇṭha Oṭṭhajo      - (Guttural and Labial)            O

viii. Danta Oṭṭhajo     - (Dental and Labial)             Va

Important words to memorize.

1. Nāma- nouns    2. Sabbanāma- pronouns        3. Ᾱkyāta- verbs

4. Kāla- tenses      5. Vacana-  numbers               6. Purisa- persons

7. Vibhatti- cases 8. Kāraka- voices                    9.  Upasagga- prefix

10. liṅga- genders              11. Nipāta- indeclinable particles (preposition)