Saturday, December 22, 2012

The Nouns



We can normally see in a language two main parts named Nouns and Verbs. Noun is a name of a thing, a person or a place. When we study nouns we have to study their grammatical Genders, Numbers, Persons and Cases too. Those are-

Genders (3)- Liga
i. Pulliṅga                   - Masculine Gender    (males)                        eg- Nara-        man
ii. Itthiliṅga                 - Feminine Gender      (Females)                    eg- Latā-         vine
iii. Napuṃsakaliṅga   - Neuter Gender          (Inanimate things)      eg- Pupphaṃ- flower

Notice here that these genders are grammatical. So, all inanimate things are not neuter. For example TREE is Masculine, WISDOM is feminine. Just as, we should know this method according to the usage in Pali. 

Numbers (2)- Vacana
Pronouns- Sabbanāma
Purisa
Ekavacana
Bahuvacana
Paṭhamapurisa
So- he (all)
Te- they (all)
Majjhimapurisa
Tvaṃ- you
Tumhe- you
Uttamapurisa
Ahaṃ-  i
Mayaṃ- we
i. Ekavacana        - Singular     
eg- Nara- man

ii. Bahuvacana    - Plural         
eg- Narā- men

Persons 3- Purisa
i. Paṭhamapurisa        - 3rd person
ii. Majjhimapurisa      - 2nd person
i. Uttamapurisa          - 1st person

Cases 9 - Vibhatti

Vibhatti
Ekavacana
Bahuvacana
Meaning
1
Pahamā- Nominative
man
men
Subject
2
Ālapana- Vocative
O man
O men
To address
3
utiyā- Accusative
man
men
object
4
Tatiyā- Ablative of agent
By,with, through

Deputy subject
5
Karaa- Ablative of Instrument
,,

To support
6
Catutthī- Dative
To, for

To give
7
Pañcamī- Ablative of Separation
from

To depart, scare
8
Chaṭṭhī- Genitive
of

To possess
9
Sattamī- Locative
On,in

Place in, on, time


Numerals
Eka-            1                 Dvi-            2
Ti-               3                 Catu-          4
Pañca-         5                 Cha-            6
Satta-          7                 Aṭṭha-         8
Nava-          9                 Dasa-          10

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